Governing for Excellence in the Social Care Sector - The Role of Self-Governance in Ireland's Evolving Social Care Profession
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18552/ijpblhsc.v5i2.379Keywords:
impression management, professionalism, self-governance, self-regulationAbstract
Social care work in Ireland remains a poorly understood profession, despite its growing importance within the wider health and welfare sectors. Higher Educational programmes, especially practice-based aspects, in conjunction with the imminent professional registration of social care graduates, will help with identity formation and solidification of this role (McGregor 2011). However, this professional registration has yet to occur and, on its own, will not guarantee the delivery of a quality service to the user. Using less commonly used professional development concepts of self-governance, self-regulation, impression management and identity capital, this article will explore how social care professional identity may be nurtured, developed and supported within professional practice learning and social care worker environments and, in so doing, support a quality service delivery within the social care space.
References
Adamson, M and Johansson, M. (2016) ‘Compositions of professionalism in counselling work: An embodied and embedded intersectionality framework’. Human Relations, 69 (12) 2201–2223 https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726716639118
Addicott, R. (2008) ‘Models of governance and the changing role of the board in the "modernised" UK health sector’. Journal Health Organisation Management 22(2), 147–63 https://doi.org/10.1108/14777260810876312
Argüden, Y. (2011) Keys to Governance: Strategic Leadership for Quality of Life. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230348714
Ashford, S.J. and Taylor, M. S. (1990) ‘Adaptation to work transitions: An integrative approach’. in Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, Vol 8. ed. by Ferris, G.R. and. Rowland, K.M. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1– 39
Attree, M. (2005) ‘Nursing agency and governance: Registered nurses' perception’. Journal of Nursing Management, 13(5), 387–96 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2834.2005.00553.x
Banks, S. (2004). Ethics, Accountability and the Social Professions. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan
Baumeister, R.F. (1989) ‘The optimal margin of illusion’. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 8 (2), 176–189 https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.1989.8.2.176
Bord Altranais (2014) Code of Professional Conduct and Ethic for Registered Nurses and Registered Midwives. available from https://www.nmbi.ie/NMBI/media/NMBI/Code-of-Professional-Conduct-and-Ethics-Dec-2014_1.pdf [18 September 2017]
Bourdieu, P. (1986) ‘The forms of capital’. in Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education. ed. by Richardson, J.G. New York: Greenwood, 241-258
Bovill, C, Cook-Sather, A., Felten, P., Millard, L., and Moore-Cherry, N. (2016) ‘Addressing potential challenges in co-creating learning and teaching: Overcoming resistance, navigating institutional norms and ensuring inclusivity in student-staff partnerships’. Higher Education, 71 (2), 195–208 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-015-9896-4
Bozeman, D. and Kacmar, K. (1997) ‘A cybernetic model of impression management processes in organizations’. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 69 (1), 9–30 https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1996.2669
Braye, S. and Preston-Shoot, M. (1995) Empowering Practice in Social Care. 3rd. edn. Buckingham: Open University Press
Brown. B. and Crawford. P. (2003) ‘The clinical governance of the soul: “Deep management” and the self-regulating subject in integrated community mental health teams’. Social Science & Medicine, 56 (1), 67–81 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00008-4
Cooney, A., Mannion, J., Gursinski, S., Fewer-Hamilton, A., and Cavaliero, T. (2015) ‘“Lets Get Busy”: Active learning approaches and team teaching to support student engagement’. Poster presented at Higher Education Academy: Transforming Teaching, Inspiring Learning – Inspire, sharing great practice in Social Science teaching and learning. held 26-27 November 2015, Manchester. available from https://www.heacademy.ac.uk/system/files/downloads/lets_get_busy_1_1_new.pdf [18 September 2017]
CORU (2010) Framework for a Common Code of Professional Conduct and Ethics. available from http://www.coru.ie/uploads/Framework%20Code%20of%20Professional%20Conduct%20and%20Ethics.pdf [23 December 2015]
CORU (2013) Social Workers Registration Board Criteria and Standards of Proficiency Education and Training. available from http://www.coru.ie/uploads/documents/SWRB_Criteria_and_Standards_of_0 Proficiency_Education_and_Training.pdf [02 January 2016].
CORU (2017a) What is CORU’s role? [online] available from http://www.coru.ie/en/about_us/what_is_corus_role [24 October 2017
CORU (2017b) Launch of Standards of Proficiency for Social Care Workers and Criteria for Education and Training. [online] available from http://www.coru.ie/en/news/details/launch_of_standards_of_proficiency_for_social_care_workers_and_criteria_for [31 May 2017]
Côté, J. (1984) The identity crisis: A formulation and empirical test of Erikson’s theory of ego identity formation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. York University: Toronto, Canada.
Côté,, J. (1996) ‘Sociological perspectives on identity formation: The culture–identity link and identity capital’. Journal of Adolescence, 19, 417–428 https://doi.org/10.1006/jado.1996.0040
Côté, J. and Levine, C. (2002) Identity formation, agency, and culture: A social psychological synthesis. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
Cruess, S. and Cruess, R. (2005) The medical profession and self-regulation: A current challenge. American Medical Association Journal of Ethics [online] 7 (4). available from http://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/2005/04/oped1-0504.html
Cruess, R.L., Cruess, S.R., Boudreau, J.D., Snell, L., and Steinert, Y. (2014) ‘Reframing medical education to support professional identity formation’. Academic Medicine, 89, 1446–1451
Dall’Alba, G. (2009) ‘Learning professional ways of being: Ambiguities of becoming’. Educational Philosophy and Theory 41 (1) 34–45. available http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2008.00475.x [15 June 2017]
Department of Health (2009) NHS Performance Framework: Implementation Guidance. retrieved from http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/ [28 March 2016].
dos Santos, J.L.G., Erdmann, A.L., de Andrade, S.R., de Mello, A.L.S.F., de Lima, S.B.S., and Pestana, A.L.. (2013) ‘Governança em enfermagem: Revisão integrativa da literature [Nursing governance: An integrative review of the literature]’. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, 47 (6), 1417–1425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0080-623420130000600024
Evetts, J. (2006) Short note: ‘The sociology of professional groups: New directions’. Current Sociology, 54 (1), 133–143 ISSN 0011-3921 https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392106057161
Evetts, J. (2014) ‘The concept of professionalism: Professional work, professional practice and learning’. in International Handbook of Research in Professional and Practice-based Learning. ed. by Billett, S., Harteis, C. and Guber, H. Dordrecht: Springer, 29–56
Farrelly, T. and O’Doherty, C. (2005) ‘The Health and Social Care Professionals Bill (2004) –Implications and opportunities for the social professions in Ireland’. Administration, 53 (1), 80–92
Farrelly, T. and O’Doherty, C. (2011) ‘Social care, after the Act – Reflections five years on after the passing of the Health and Social Care Professionals Act 2005’. Administration, 59 (2), 73–83
Finnerty, K. (2012) Professional Identity and the Irish Social Care Worker. [online] doctoral dissertation. University of Leicester. available from https://lra.le.ac.uk/bitstream/2381/10922/1/2012finnertykcdsocsci.pdf.pdf [12 January 2016]
Flum, H. and Kaplan, A. (2012) ‘Identity formation in educational settings: A contextualized view of theory and research in practice’. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 37 (3), 240–245 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2012.01.003
Freidson, E. (1970a) Professional Dominance: The social structure of medical care. Chicago: Aldine
Freidson, E. (1970b) Profession of Medicine: A study of the sociology of applied knowledge. New York: Dodd and Mead
Goffman, E. (1956) The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life Erving Goffman. University of Edinburgh Social Sciences Research Centre. Edinburgh Monograph No. 2. available from http://monoskop.org/images/1/19/Goffman_Erving_The_Presentation_of_Self_in_Everyday_Life.pdf [03 January 2016]
Goldie, J. (2012) ‘The formation of professional identity in medical students: Considerations for educators’. Medical Teacher, 34 (9), e641–e648 https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2012.687476
Hinchliff, S., Norman, S. and Schober, J. (2008) Nursing Practice and Health Care 5E: A Foundation Text. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
HIQA (2012) Guidance on information governance for health and social care services in Ireland. [online] available from https://www.hiqa.ie/sites/default/files/2017-01/Guidance-on-information-governance.pdf [18 September 2017]
HIQA (2013) About the Regulation of Residential Services for Children and Adults with Disabilities: Guidebook 2013 [online] available from https://www.hiqa.ie/system/files/Guide-on-Regulation-Disability-Services.pdf [10 January 2016]
HIQA (2015) National Health and Social Care Data Collections. retrieved from http://www.hiqa.ie/healthcare/health-information/data-collections [10 January 2016]
HIQA (2016) Overview of 2016 HIQA Regulation of Social Care and Healthcare Services. available from https://www.hiqa.ie/sites/default/files/2017-04/Regulation-overview-2016-web.pdf [18 October 2017]
Holden, M., Buck, E., Clark, M. and Szauter, K., Trumble, J. (2012) ‘Professional identity formation in medical education: The convergence of multiple domains’. HEC FORUM, 24 (4), 245–255 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10730-012-9197-6
Ibarra, H. (1999) ‘Provisional selves: Experimenting with image and identity in professional adaptation’. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44 (4), 764–791 https://doi.org/10.2307/2667055
Jones, J. (2015). Second Opinion: HIQA’s job is not just a ‘paper exercise’ and should be taken seriously. in The Irish Times [online] available from http://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/health-family/second-opinion-hiqa-s-job-is-not-just-a-paper-exercise-and-should-be-taken-seriously-1.2308765 [10 March 2016]
Joyce, C., Wainer, J., Piterman L., Wyatt, A., and Archer F. (2009) ‘Trends in the paramedic workforce: A profession in transition’. Australian Health Review, 33 (4), 533–540 https://doi.org/10.1071/AH090533
Kjær, A.M. (2004) Governance. Cambridge: Polity Press
Kjær, A.M. (2011) ‘Rhodes’ contribution to governance theory: Praise, criticism and the future governance debate. Public Administration, 89, 101–113 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2011.01903.x
Kroger, J. (2007) Identity Development: Adolescence through Adulthood. 2nd. edn. Thousand Oaks: Sage
Lalor, K. and Share, P. (2009) ‘Understanding social care’. in Applied Social Care: An introduction for students in Ireland. 2nd edn. ed. by Share, P. and Lalor , K, Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1–19
Lalor, K. and Share, P. (2013) ‘Understanding social care’. in Applied social care: An introduction for students in Ireland.3rd edn. by Share, P. and Lalor , K, Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 3–18
Larson, A. and Tsitsos, W. (2012) ‘Speed dating and the presentation of self: A teaching exercise in impression management and formation’. Teaching Sociology, 41 (3), 307–313 https://doi.org/10.1177/0092055X12466830
Malley, J. and Fernández, J.-L. (2010) ‘Measuring quality in social care services: Theory and practice’. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 81, 559–582 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8292.2010.00422.x
McGregor, S. (2011) ‘Home economics in higher education: Pre-professional socialization’. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 35 (5), 560–568 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2011.01025.x
McSweeney, F. (2011) ‘Student, practitioner or both? Separation and integration of identities in professional social care education’. Social Work Education, 31 (3), 364–382 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2011.557428
Nagy, B., Kacmar, M. and Harris, K. (2011) ‘Dispositional and situational factors as predictors of impression management Behaviors’. Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 12 (3), 229–245
National Health Service Executive (1998) A First Class Service: Quality in the New NHS. Department of Health, Leeds. available from http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/www.dh.gov.uk/en/publicationsandstatistics/publications/publicationspolicyandguidance/dh_4006902 [30 December 2015].
National Health Service Executive (1999) Clinical Governance: Quality in the New NHS. Health Service Circular 1999/065. London: NHS Executive
Provis, C. (2010) ‘The ethics of impression management’. Business Ethics, 19 (2), 199-212 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2010.01584.x
Quality and Qualifications Ireland (QQI) (2014) Award Standards - Social Care Work. Dublin: QQI. [online] available from https://www.qqi.ie/Publications/Publications/Social%20Care%20Work%20-%20Awards%20Standards.pdf [26 June 2017]
Rhodes, R. (2007) ‘Understanding governance: Ten years on’. Organisational Studies, 28 (8), 1243–1264 https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840607076586
Richardson, V. (1996) ‘Training of staff working with children in care’. in Focus Ireland, Focus on Residential Care in Ireland: 25 Years Since the Kennedy Report Conference Proceedings. held 5- 6 March. Dublin, Focus Ireland, 48–51
Roberts, L.M. (2005) ‘Changing faces: Professional image construction in diverse organizational settings’. Academic Manager Review, 30 (4), 685–711 https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2005.18378873
Rodríguez, C., Pawlikowska, T., Schweyer, FX., López-Roig, S., Bélanger, E, Burns, J., . . .and Pereiró-Berenguer, I. (2014) ‘Family physicians' professional identity formation: A study protocol to explore impression management processes in institutional academic contexts’. BMC Medical Education, 14 (1), 184 https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-14-184
Ryan, R. and Deci, E. (2006) ‘Self-regulation and the problem of human autonomy: Does psychology need choice, self-determination, and will?’ Journal of Personality, 74 (6), 1557–1586 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00420.x
Schultze, R. (2007) ‘What does it mean to be a self-governing profession?’ Journal of Property Tax Assessment & Administration, 4 (3), 41–53
Share, P., Cavaliero, T., and McTaggart. B. (eds.) (2016) Wicked Problems and Young People: Co-Creative Teaching for the Social Professions. Sligo, Eire: Institute of Technology, Sligo Publications
Short, S. and McDonald, F. (2012) Health Workforce Governance Improved Access, Good Regulatory Practice, Safer Patients. Farnham: Ashgate eBook. [20 January 2016].
Sidel, M. (2005) ‘The guardians guarding themselves: A comparative perspective on nonprofit self-regulation’. Chicago-Kent Law Review, 80 (2), 803–835
Sieger, M., Fritz, E., and Them, C. (2012) ‘In discourse: Bourdieu's theory of practice and habitus in the context of a communication-oriented nursing interaction model’. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68 (2), 480-489 https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05783.x
Slay, H. and Smith, D. (2010) ‘Professional identity construction: Using narrative to understand the negotiation of professional and stigmatized cultural identities’. Human Relations, 64 (1), 85–107 https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726710384290
Stets, J. and Burke, P. (2000) ‘Identity theory and social identity theory’. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63 (3), 224–237 https://doi.org/10.2307/2695870
Stoker, G. (1998) ‘Governance as a theory: Five propositions’. International Social Science Journal, 50 (155), 17–28 https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2451.00106
Sullivan, W. (1995) Work and Integrity: The Crisis and Promise of Professionalism in North America. New York: HarperCollins
Tedeschi, J.T. (ed.) (1981) Impression Management Theory and Social Psychological Research. New York: Academic Press
Whitty, G. (2000) ‘Teacher professionalism in new times’. Journal of In-Service Education, 26 (2), 281–295 https://doi.org/10.1080/13674580000200121
Woodward, K. (ed.) (2004) Questioning Identity: Gender, Class, Ethnicity. 2nd edn. London: Routledge
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons License "Attribution-NonCommercial No Derivs 4.0 International" (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) which permits others to use the publication as long as the authors are appropriately cited.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- The Author grants to Coventry University an irrevocable, royalty-free, worldwide, non-exclusive licence to publish this article in this journal in addition to the licence granted at paragraph 1 of this copyright notice.